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Risser · Musculoesquelético
Sistemas/Musculoesquelético

Risser Risser sign of skeletal maturity

vigente

Grades skeletal maturity from iliac apophysis ossification (US convention).

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Escala de categorias
012345

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Procedência e vigência

Órgão emissor
Orthopedic consensus
Versão
current
Ano
1958
Família
léxico
Tipo de lógica
flat
Modalidade
XR
Fonte primária
In Brief: The Risser Classification: A Classic Tool for the Clinician Treating Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis · doi:10.1007/s11999-012-2371-y
Última verificação
2026-06-22
Última checagem
2026-06-22

Lógica de decisão

Forma estruturada (flat). Uma futura calculadora a lê; as categorias abaixo são a superfície legível.

Mostrar a lógica estruturada (JSON)
{
  "categories": [
    "0",
    "1",
    "2",
    "3",
    "4",
    "5"
  ]
}

Categorias num relance

Cat.SignificadoCondutaRiscoFonte
0
Grade 0
No ossification center is seen in the iliac apophysis; apophyseal ossification has not yet begun.		—Skeletally most immature with the greatest remaining spinal growth, hence the highest risk of scoliosis curve progression. Peak height velocity and about two-thirds of pubertal growth occur before the first signs of iliac apophysis ossification.
okfonte
PMC3392381 (Hacquebord & Leopold, CORR 2012), 'The Risser Staging System' (criteria) and 'Purpose' (growth/progression); progression framing corroborated by StatPearls NBK499908.
1
Grade 1
Ossification of the apophysis up to the first (anterolateral) quarter of the iliac crest, about 25% excursion.		—Early/prepubertal stage with substantial growth remaining.
okfonte
PMC3392381, 'The Risser Staging System' (US system divides the apophyseal excursion into quarters, anterolateral to posteromedial); explicit 25% value and prepuberty/early-puberty framing from Wikipedia 'Risser sign' grading list.
2
Grade 2
Ossification up to the second quarter of the iliac crest, about 50% excursion (progressing anterolateral toward posteromedial).		—Corresponds to the period before or during the pubertal growth spurt.
okfonte
PMC3392381, quarters statement; explicit 50% value and growth-spurt framing from Wikipedia 'Risser sign'.
3
Grade 3
Ossification up to the third quarter of the iliac crest, about 75% excursion.		—Corresponds to slowing of growth (declining growth velocity).
okfonte
PMC3392381, quarters statement; explicit 75% value and slowing-of-growth framing from Wikipedia 'Risser sign'.
4
Grade 4
The apophysis is fully (fourth quarter) ossified across the iliac crest, about 100%, but not yet fused to the ilium.		—Near-cessation of growth, but not a reliable endpoint: the article warns that trunk growth continues until stage 5 and that stage 4 is not an accurate measure of cessation of curve progression. Skeletal maturity is defined in most studies as Risser 4 or higher in females.
okfonte
PMC3392381, quarters statement and 'Purpose' (stage 4 not accurate for cessation; growth continues to stage 5); explicit 100% value from Wikipedia 'Risser sign'; female maturity threshold from StatPearls NBK499908.
5
Grade 5
Complete ossification and fusion of the iliac apophysis to the iliac crest.		—Skeletal maturity / end of growth; trunk growth completes by this stage. In males, skeletal maturity is defined as Risser 5.
okfonte
PMC3392381, 'The Risser Staging System' (stage 5 = complete ossification and fusion) and 'Purpose' (trunk growth continues until stage 5); male maturity threshold from StatPearls NBK499908.

Referências cruzadas

caracterizaLenke. Lenke classification of adolescent idiopathic scoliosisRisser skeletal maturity informs progression risk and timing in idiopathic scoliosis classified by Lenke.

Histórico de versões

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Risser. Risser sign of skeletal maturity. RadCommons